The Queen of Sheba is one of the most famous figures in mythology, to the extent that the stories of the legendary Queen’s visit to King Solomon are at the basis of the founding myths of the modern Ethiopian and Jewish nations. Although archaeological and other empirical evidence may be lacking, due to centuries of vandalism carried out by the Muslims and Christians, who wished to obliterate any trace of the Old Religion, there is plenty of textual evidence at hand to verify the Queen’s existence; and a powerful mythos it is , having been told and re-told over at least the last 5,000 years , it being of tremendous significance to many, and surviving the acid test of time as an oral tradition. Oral traditions are generally much older than what is written.

The Yemenis see her as a South Arabian Queen, the Ethiopians as Axumite or pre-Axumite. In Arabic, her name is Bilquis, in Ethiopia, Makeda ; and the Queen of Sheba in the bible. In Hebrew, She is known as the Queen of Shebah מלכת שבא; in biblical Hebrew as Malkat Sh'vha ; in modern Hebrew, as Malkat Sh'va ; in Ge’ez (Ethiopia) as Nigiste Saba or Nəgəstä Saba ; and in Arabic, as ملكة سبأ‎, Malikat Saba as a Matriarchal Queen of the ancient kingdom of Saba, or Sheba. Part of the Queen’s history , with various addendums and modifications, has been presented in not only the Bible and the Koran but also in Josephus and Habeshan history.

This mythical Queen features in Hebraic and Islamic scriptures, including Kabbalistic treatises; and was even seen in Christian mysticism as “the embodiment of Divine Wisdom” and even as the precursor to the Black Madonna.
And let us not negate the role that the beautiful Queen plays, in the Kebra Negast, the Ethiopian Orthodox Holy Book.

A story regarding the Queen of Sheba would seem incomplete without a brief introduction to King Solomon the Wise. Solomon was a magician of renown, and according to the Qur’an , Solomon was able to command legions of spirits – a ceremonial magician, occult master and spiritual adept. According to the Zohar, Solomon was one of the first to be initiated into the Kabalah’s secrets – and could evidently command armies of Jinn , according to legend, enslaving certain Janoun to build palaces and other tasks. The Commanding and Compelling tradition adapted by both Jewish and Christian mysticists is inspired by Solomon’s feats, which practitioners of that tradition, usually associated with High Ceremonial Magic, seek to emulate.

It being a historical fact that the Queen interacted with the Pagan King, not only in Her capacity as head of state and extremely powerful Monarch with the riches of the land of ancient Africa at her fingertips, but according to one version of the legend , the Queen, as the representative of the ancient, Goddess-centered star and sun religion; blessed the God of the King upon her departure, returning to her own land; in other, later medieval versions the Queen is converted to Allah by the King, who is seen as a devout Muslim in these versions.

In the Old Testament, the following is said of the Queen’s visit to Solomon:

“And when the Queen of Sheba heard of the fame of Solomon concerning the name of the Lord, she came to prove him with hard questions. And she came to Jerusalem with a very great train, with camels that bore spices, and very much gold, and precious stones: and when she was come to Solomon, she communed with him of all that was in her heart. And King Solomon gave unto the Queen of Sheba all her desire, whatsoever she asked, beside that which Solomon gave her of his royal bounty. So she turned and went to her own country, she and her servants…

…And he made three hundred shields of beaten gold…; and the king put them in the house of the forest of Lebanon…So King Solomon exceeded all the kings of the earth for riches and for wisdom.And all the earth sought to Solomon, to hear his wisdom, which God had put in his heart… And the king made silver to be in Jerusalem as stones, and Cedars made to be as the Sycamore trees that are in the vale, for abundance.(I Kings 10)… but King Solomon loved many strange women, together with the daughter of Pharoah… Of the nations concerning which the LORD said unto the children of Israel, Ye shall not go in unto them, neither shall they come in un to you: for surely they will turn away your heart after their gods : Solomon clave unto these in love….For it came to pass , when Solomon was old, that his wives turned away his heart after other gods…For Solomon went after Ashtoreth the Goddess of the Zidonians.” (1Kings 11)

As Solomon’s reputation as a master Magician spread across the land, it came to the attention of the Queen. As the head of state, and thus representative of the Goddess in the context of the Ancient Star religion which had been the religious system of old, not only in Africa but all over the globe for hundreds of thousands of years; the Queen decided to test the powers of Solomon for herself and an official visit of state was arranged in order for the respective Monarchs to meet. Whether or not the occasion was merely official in nature, or whether anything more intimate ensued between the two Monarchs is uncertain, as the different interpretations will show.

The Qur’an tells a similar version of the Biblical tale, with a few essential differences.

As Solomon was able to converse with birds , on an early morning stroll he noticed that a Hoopoe bird had gone astray.

The Hoopoe Bird is seen as a sacred bird by certain African peoples, and is closely related to the Quetzal.

When the bird returned, it conveyed to Solomon that it had been traveling in the land of Saba, and told of the powerful Queen resplendent on a Golden and silver throne. According to this version, Solomon then duly invited the Queen to visit him.
The Queen entered the palace that Solomon had especially built for the Queen’s visit – (now this to my mind indicates the high regard in which Queen was held, as where else in history was a palace made, on occasion, to receive a visiting head of state?)
The palace built for the Queen was made of glass, including the floors. In one section of the palace, water flows across the surface of the glass floor, and the Queen has to lift her skirts while passing over this area. While doing so, the Queen’s legs are revealed to be hairy and this awakens Solomon as to the true identity of his honoured guest.

How it is told in the Qu’aran

“20. And he took a muster of the Birds; and he said: "Why is it I see not the Hoopoe? Or is he among the absentees?
21. "I will certainly punish him with a severe penalty, or execute him, unless he bring me a clear reason (for absence)."
22. But the Hoopoe tarried not far: he (came up and) said: "I have compassed (territory) which thou hast not compassed, and I have come to thee from Saba with tidings true.
23. "I found (there) a woman ruling over them and provided with every requisite; and she has a magnificent throne.
24. "I found her and her people worshipping the sun besides Allah. Satan has made their deeds seem pleasing in their eyes, and has kept them away from the Path,- so they receive no guidance,-
25. "(Kept them away from the Path), that they should not worship Allah, Who brings to light what is hidden in the heavens and the earth, and knows what ye hide and what ye reveal.
26. "(Allah)!- there is no god but He!- Lord of the Throne Supreme!"
27. (Solomon) said: "Soon shall we see whether thou hast told the truth or lied!
28. "Go thou, with this letter of mine, and deliver it to them: then draw back from them, and (wait to) see what answer they return"...
29. (The queen) said: "Ye chiefs! here is delivered to me - a letter worthy of respect.
30. "It is from Solomon, and is (as follows): 'In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful:
31. "'Be ye not arrogant against me, but come to me in submission (to the true Religion).'"
32. She said: "Ye chiefs! advise me in (this) my affair: no affair have I decided except in your presence."
33. They said: "We are endued with strength, and given to vehement war: but the command is with thee; so consider what thou wilt command."
34. She said: "Kings, when they enter a country, despoil it, and make the noblest of its people its meanest thus do they behave.
35. "But I am going to send him a present, and (wait) to see with what (answer) return (my) ambassadors."
36. Now when (the embassy) came to Solomon, he said: "Will ye give me abundance in wealth? But that which Allah has given me is better than that which He has given you! Nay it is ye who rejoice in your gift!
37. "Go back to them, and be sure we shall come to them with such hosts as they will never be able to meet: We shall expel them from there in disgrace, and they will feel humbled (indeed)."
38. He said (to his own men): "Ye chiefs! which of you can bring me her throne before they come to me in submission?"
39. Said an 'Ifrit, of the Jinns: "I will bring it to thee before thou rise from thy council: indeed I have full strength for the purpose, and may be trusted."
40. Said one who had knowledge of the Book: "I will bring it to thee within the twinkling of an eye!" Then when (Solomon) saw it placed firmly before him, he said: "This is by the Grace of my Lord!- to test me whether I am grateful or ungrateful! and if any is grateful, truly his gratitude is (a gain) for his own soul; but if any is ungrateful, truly my Lord is Free of all Needs, Supreme in Honour !"
41. He said: "Transform her throne out of all recognition by her: let us see whether she is guided (to the truth) or is one of those who receive no guidance."
42. So when she arrived, she was asked, "Is this thy throne?" She said, "It was just like this; and knowledge was bestowed on us in advance of this, and we have submitted to Allah (in Islam)."
43. And he diverted her from the worship of others besides Allah. for she was (sprung) of a people that had no faith.
44. She was asked to enter the lofty Palace: but when she saw it, she thought it was a lake of water, and she (tucked up her skirts), uncovering her legs. He said: "This is but a palace paved smooth with slabs of glass." She said: "O my Lord! I have indeed wronged my soul: I do (now) submit (in Islam), with Solomon, to the Lord of the Worlds."

- Ali, Jusuf (Translation) The Holy Quaran , English translation

Solomon certainly gave the Queen all that She desired of him in one version, in the other, the Queen is “tricked” into evidently transgressing an agreement made between them. The King wagers that the Queen will transgress her promise to him that she would not require or take anything vital from him as she had no need of anything, so the king duly prepares a very spicy meal for their dinner that evening, making sure at the same time that the only water available in the palace that night would be in some earthenware jugs conveniently located in his bedroom. As the tale goes, the Queen develops such a thirst that she is obliged to enter his quarters in the middle of the night to help herself to a little of the cool water, certainly a vital commodity in any age – he “awakens”, claims the wager and so the Queen is “obliged” to share passions with the King.’

In the Ethiopian tradition, these tales are told in the Kabra Negast, the Ethiopian holy book, including the goat’s foot of the Queen, Her seduction, and the revealing of Her hairy legs; but the story goes a little further this time. Upon the return of the Queen to Axum, the capital , a son was born of the union between Queen and King, his name being Menelik – meaning, wise.

Menelik, in turn, visited Jerusalem to visit his father, who offered him the throne in his stead, but Menelik refused the honour and returned to Aksum under the cover of darkness, bringing with him the Ark of the Covenant, to Aksum, where it is still housed today. Ethiopians view their land as God’s chosen country, the chosen place for the Ark. And as the Ark was brought to Ethiopia by Menelik, Sheba’s son, the Queen of Sheba is recognized as the Mother of the nation. God’s chosen country; and thus all Kings decended from the Queen of Sheba have the right of Divine rule; according to this tradition. The Emperor Haile Selassie actually enshrined the right of succession, confirming the tradition and his right of succession as a direct decendant of the Queen, in the Ethiopian constitution.

The Queen riding out to meet with King Solomon

According to the Kegra Negast, when the monarchs met, the Queen said:

“I look upon thee and I see that thy wisdom is immeasureable and thine understanding inexhaustible, and that it is like unto a lamp in the darkness, and like unto a pomegranate in the garden, and like unto a pearl in the sea, and like unto the Morning Star among the stars, and like unto the light of the moon in the mist, and like unto a glorious dawn and sunrise in the heavens.”, And King SOLOMON answered and said unto her, "Wisdom and understanding spring from thee thyself.”

 - The Kebra Nagast, by E.A. Wallis Budge, [1932], at sacred-texts.com

How it happened in the Kebra Negast:

‘And SOLOMON answered and said unto her, "I swear unto thee that I will not take thee by force, but thou must swear unto me that thou wilt not take by force p. 34 anything that is in my house." And the Queen laughed and said unto him, "Being a wise man why dost thou speak as a fool? Shall I steal anything, or shall I carry out of the house of the King that which the King hath not given to me? Do not imagine that I have come hither through love of riches. Moreover, my own kingdom is as wealthy as thine, and there is nothing which I wish for that I lack. Assuredly I have only come in quest of thy wisdom." And he said unto her, "If thou wouldst make me swear, swear thou to me, for a swearing is meet for both [of us], so that neither of us may be unjustly treated. And if thou wilt not make me swear I will not make thee swear." And she said unto him, "Swear to me that thou wilt not take me by force, and I on my part will swear not to take by force thy possessions"; and he swore to her and made her swear.
And the King went up on his bed on the one side [of the chamber], and the servants made ready for her a bed on the other side. And SOLOMON said unto a young manservant, "Wash out the bowl and set in it a vessel of water whilst the Queen is looking on, and shut the doors and go and sleep." And SOLOMON spake to the servant in another tongue which the Queen did not understand, and he did as the King commanded, and went and slept. And the King had not as yet fallen asleep, but he only pretended to be asleep, and he was watching the Queen intently. Now the house of SOLOMON the King was illumined as by day, for in his wisdom he had made shining pearls which were like unto the sun, and moon, and stars [and had set them] in the roof of his house.
And the Queen slept a little. And when she woke up her mouth was dry with thirst, for the food which SOLOMON had given her in his wisdom had made her thirsty, and she was very thirsty indeed, and her mouth was dry; and she moved her lips and sucked with her mouth and found no moisture. And she determined to drink the water which she had seen, and she looked p. 35 at King SOLOMON and watched him carefully, and she thought that he was sleeping a sound sleep. But he was not asleep, and he was waiting until she should rise up to steal the water to [quench] her thirst. And she rose up and, making no sound with her feet, she went to the water in the bowl and lifted up the jar to drink the water. And SOLOMON seized her hand before she could drink the water, and said unto her, "Why hast thou broken the oath that thou hast sworn that thou wouldst not take by force anything that is in my house?" And she answered and said unto him in fear, "Is the oath broken by my drinking water?" And the King said unto her, "Is there anything that thou hast seen under the heavens that is better than water?" And the Queen said, "I have sinned against myself, and thou art free from [thy] oath. But let me drink water for my thirst." Then SOLOMON said unto her, "Am I perchance free from the oath which thou hast made me swear?" And the Queen said, "Be free from thy oath, only let me drink water." And he permitted her to drink water, and after she had drunk water he worked his will with her and they slept together.”
“And moreover, SOLOMON marvelled concerning the Queen, for she was vigorous in strength, and beautiful of form, and she was undefiled in her virginity; and she had reigned for six years in her own country, and, notwithstanding her gracious attraction and her splendid form, had preserved her body pure. And the Queen said unto SOLOMON, "Dismiss me, and let me depart to my own country." And he went into his house and gave unto her whatsoever she wished for of splendid things and riches, and beautiful apparel which bewitched the eyes, and everything on which great store was set in the country of ETHIOPIA, and camels and wagons, six thousand in number, which were laden with beautiful things of the most desirable kind, and wagons wherein loads were carried over the desert, and a vessel wherein one could travel over the sea, and a vessel wherein one could p. 37 traverse the air (or winds), which SOLOMON had made by the wisdom that God had given unto him”

This last p;assage I found extremely interesting. The vessel that transverse the winds, obviously alludes to a flying machine of some kind. Zecharia Sitchin maintains that the Shems, or rocket ships and spacecraft of the Annunaki, or First Goddesses and Gods as depicted on the clay tablets from Sumer were commonplace in the Middle Orient; and that the wings that Deities were portrayed with meant that that Goddess or God was capable of flight, both physically and in spacecraft.

“ And the Queen rejoiced, and she went forth in order to depart, and the King set her on her way with great pomp and ceremony. And SOLOMON took her aside so that they might be alone together, and he took off the ring that was upon his little finger, and he gave it to the Queen, and said unto her, "Take [this] so that thou mayest not forget me. And if it happen that I obtain seed from thee, this ring shall be unto it a sign; and if it be a man child he shall come to me; and the peace of God be with thee! Whilst I was sleeping with thee I saw many visions in a dream, [and it seemed] as if a sun had risen upon ISRAEL, but it snatched itself away and flew off and lighted up the country of ETHIOPIA; peradventure that country shall be blessed through thee; God knoweth.”

So here we have the Solomon blessing the High Priestess and Queen of the Pagan Sabaean empire. What has changed over the last couple of millennia, for modern-day patriarchs to hate Goddess so much – one may very well ask?

The Kebra Negast is a patriarchal Book, and the truth is  presented in a new manner for the benefit of the new religion. As the chapters unfold, it becomes clear that the Queen is now converted to the new religion of Israel, away from The Mother... Accordingly, the following passages are inserted.

The Queen ( evidently) says : "And ye, O noble ones, hearken unto me, and learn well what cometh forth from my mouth and my words. Love ye what is right and hate falsehood, for what is right is righteousness and falsehood is the head of iniquity. And ye shall not use fraud and oppression among yourselves, for God dwelleth with you, and the habitation of His glory is among you; for ye have become members of His household. And from this time onward cease ye to observe your former customs, [namely] making auguries from birds, and from signs, and the use of charms, and incantations, and portents, and magic. And if after this day there be found any man who observeth all his former customs, his house shall be plundered, and he and his wife and his children shall be condemned."
And,
“And the Queen said unto her nobles : "Speak ye now, and swear ye by the heavenly ZION that ye will not make women queens or set them upon the throne of the kingdom of ETHIOPIA, and that no one except the male seed of DAVID, the son of SOLOMON the King, shall ever reign over ETHIOPIA, and that ye will never make women queens."

I mean, honestly, can you really see the mighty Queen of Saba, High Priestess of the Old Religion, actually mouthing these words – or is it yet again, the words of patriarchal scribes in this passage ? I leave it up to the reader to form their own opinions, as I have voiced mine.

Another version states that “ In the days of King Solomon, three thousand years ago, there lived in Ethiopia a dynasty of Queens, who reigned with great wisdom.One Queen, the Malika Habashiya or Abyssinian Queen of old legends, had a dream in which she held a kid in her lap.On waking up she found herself pregnant and in due course gave birth to a baby daughter. But alas! The child had one goat’s foot. When the Queen died, the Princess succeeded her to the throne, as there were no other children. One day the Queen heard of King Solomon and his great wisdom, so she wrote him a letter announcing her arrival at his court. She was hoping that his great knowledge might enable him to cure her foot, but no mention of this was made in advance of the visit. The King, however, always knew in advance what was going to happen, so had made a pond at the entrance to the palace so that all visitors to the palace had to rinse their feet before arriving. When the Queen of Abyssinia arrived, She had to raise her skirt before wading through the pond, so that the King could see her legs, one normal and one caprine. In the pond was a piece of ironwood which was placed there on the King’s orders. The moment the Queen’s foot made contact with the Ironwood, she was cured. When she stepped out of the water, she noticed that she had two human feet. She was now a very attractive woman and Solomon fell in love with her”

- Knappert,Jan (1990): ”An encyclopedia of myth and legend: African Mythology “

Another Arabic tale explains how the Queen came to possess the foot of a goat. When the Queen’s Mother was pregnant, she craved for a handsome Goat, “ in the manner of women with child”; and the child, Queen of Sheba, was duly born with one foot and one goat’s hoof. This tale reminds one strongly of the story of Lilith’s stay in the wilderness, after her supposed exit from the Garden of Eden , where she danced and loved with Djinn, or the wild Pagan Spirits of the desert, in Hebrew mythology. Some of these Spirits are also known as Satyrs, which have the hind-legs of Goats.

And I have to include this legend, also Ethiopian in origin :

“Aksum, they say, was founded by the Great-grandson of Noah, Aksumawi. His new kingdom flourished for a while, but one day Wainaba, a giant snake, 170 cubits long, attacked the city, killed the King, and ruled for a period of 400 years. In order to placate the volatile Serpent, offerings of milk and virgins were made.
A stranger from the land of the Sabaeans, by the name of Angabo, crossed over the Red sea and offered to kill the Serpent in exchange for the throne. The people of Axum agreed, but rather than fighting the Serpent as the Axumites expected, Angabo proved himself wise and fed the serpent a goat laced with poison. The Serpent “vanquished”, Angabo claimed the throne and had a daughter, named Makeda. On her father’s death she became the woman we know today as the Queen of Sheba.”

When the right of secession became an exclusively male institution, the ancient lineage of royal Queens temporarily ceased to exist as it had done for countless millennia before the advent and eventual takeover of Christianity in Ethiopia. The Kebra Negast was altered to suit, and as with all of the other sacred Queens and Goddesses , the woman was put firmly in second place.

Lilith reveals Her presence

So who is the enigmatic Queen of power and mystery actually? A devoted Mother, a wise Magickal practitioner of much beauty and social grace, an extremely wealthy Regent, the founder of modern Nations, High Priestess of an ancient stellar religion; and gorgeous Daemoness* with a Goat’s foot. As mentioned, in both the Koranic and Hebraic versions, the legs and feet of the Queen are exposed and it is revealed that She has hairy legs – legs covered with hair like a goat and at least one leg, having a goat’s hoof .

* I use the term Daemon/ess to mean Juno, the Guardian Angel, or Higher Self, as the term was only changed into Demon/ess later on by male-dominated religions and refers to an absolute evil spirit in the later contextual meaning.

The search by historians for evidence of the Queen’s actual period of rule has so far been inconclusive, although there are certain distinct possibilities. Powerful Queens ruled Arabia in 8000-5000 BCE, which is more or less the time that certain historians place Solomon. To all intents and purposes then, Solomon (Suleiman) was never a Christian King , or followed the religion of Jahweh; but a powerful master Magickian with armies of Spirits at his command and ruling over his subjects with wisdom. King Solomon the Wise was Pagan, as shall be evidenced further on in this article with direct quotations from the Bible.

With the advent of Christianity, the Kings of Ethiopia converted to the Christian faith, as Ethiopia is said to be a possible home for the fabled Ark of the Covenant, and has the earliest Christian church in existence, the Ethiopian Orthodox church.
Jesus himself is believed to have been decended directly from the union between King Solomon and our Queen of Sheba, hence his well-deserved reputation as a master Pagan Magickian, and now Ascended Master.

The Rastafari spiritual movement has it’s roots in the veneration of the Kings decended directly from the Queen of Sheba, and as mentioned earlier, the late Emperor Haile Selassie I, the Lion of Judah, is even worshipped by some Rastafarians as God and by other sects as the Messiah.

Rastafarians also treat the women they share their lives with, as the Queens that they are; unlike the vast majority of African and Muslim men who generally treat women as the inferior sex, as their property and as second-class citizens nowadays. The Ethiopian Queens are naturally also venerated to the same extent, although Patriarchal influences have affected this over the years.

The very popular Cult of the Black Virgin which resisted the persecutions of the Vatican for hundreds of years in Europe, was so persecuted because Mary Magdalene was venerated and worshipped as the Mother of Jesus, a Black woman, and in truth, directly of the line of the Queen of Sheba. Mary, or Mari, “The Sea” is deprived of the status of equality that She previously enjoyed, and is portrayed as a secondary figure as compared to the dominant male gods. Early Christians who worshipped Mary as any other Goddess, were severely persecuted as “heretics” for favouring the Divine Feminine.
Now isn’t this familiar to students of Goddess Hirstory ? (When a woman becomes Pope, I will agree that progress has been made within the Catholic Church)

I propose that Mary is actually a representation of the Black Goddess, Isis in origin and before Isis, the primordial Goddess of All creation, Mami, who is Lilith; and that Jesus is Horus, or Lucifer, the Divine Child, and Lord of Light. The statues of Mother and Son found in Christian Churches today, are exact replicas of Isis and Horus. A mere co-incidence? I disagree. If one is able to cast away personal prejudice – the veil of illusion that prevents most people from ever realizing the Truth, and becoming enlightened – one is able to study the various textual evidence on any subject, compare and analyse this data, and then make an informed decision for oneself. Unfortunately, however, most just “blank out” , or have an angry reaction and try to forget everything they have just read. And that is why so many people are still slaves to the controlling elements within the mainstream religions – because it’s “wrong” to open one’s mind, or think creatively – it’s wrong to be able to discern and find out for oneself???.When will the madness of dualism fall away and the old Ways return once more?

The Triple Goddess of Arabia, known as Al-Uzza, the Maiden, Al-lat, the Goddess, and Ma’nat, the Crone; were venerated by the Middle Eastern Ancients well before the advent of the Abrahamanic faith system.

The undeniable fact remains that in earlier times, there existed societies that venerated Goddesses and were Pagan in nature – including pre-Islamic Arabian society.

The Nabatean Temple at Petra

Ethiopia was the name given to Africa collectively in days gone by, and as all available evidence points to Africa as being the home of the Queen, it is helpful to examine all the available facts at our disposal which may serve to confirm this.

It is well documented that prior to the line of Kings in Ethiopia, this land was ruled by a distant line of powerful Queens; and that the religion in present-day Ethiopia, Arabia and the rest of the African continent was a Fertility-based, Star religion as evidenced in numerous temples , or what remains rather of these temples and statuary. Some of the oldest statues found amongst the ruins still reside today in the state museum, those of plump, dreadlocked “Venus”-type women. The remains of the temple approximately 2,500 years old, named The temple of the Moon in Yeha, Ethiopia, is pre-Axumite in origin and by appearance was linked to the Pagan faith of the Sabaean civilization in present-day Yemen (Southern Arabia); which housed engravings of Ibis goats as well as other evidence of star worship.

Egyptian legends refer to the land of Punt(Ethiopia) as a land ruled by Serpent Queens and Kings. Material and literary evidence suggest a form of Serpent worship for thousands of years prior to the Common Era.

One of the Names of the Queen of Sheba is Nagasta Saba ( Arabian), and this title refers to the line of regents who ruled over ancient Africa and went by the title of Negusa Nagast, meaning “ Serpent King” .The universal root word Nagast stems from Nahash, and previous to this, Naja. Variants include M’nahesh, the Hebrew term for a serpent worshipper , Nazar, the word for Cobra.

The symbol of the Divine Feminine was always the Dragon, or Great Serpent, and so one can clearly see that the ancient Yin-Yang symbolism of the Orient in an African context. The ancients used to identify the Orient and Africa, including Egypt and the Middle East, as two Kingdoms.

Legend tells of Aethiopian dragons being very colorful and being so large that they could appear to be mountains. Testiment to this distant heritage is reflected in the name of the Drakensberg mountain range in South Africa, translating literally as Mountains of the Dragon. Some of the very earliest serpent worship sites in the world are to be found in Africa.

The union of the Queen and King was not the first reference to a Hebrew-Ethiopian union. Miriam and Aaron berated Moses for marrying an Ethiopian wife at one stage.
However, the very first mention of Sheba in the Holy Bible is in Genesis 10:7, the Table of Nations, where Sheba is noted as a decendent of Noah’s son, Ham.

The mystical and fabled Sabaean civilization was predominant in Ancient Arabia, however little more has so far been uncovered from the shifting sands of the Arabian desert to tell us more about the civilization, save for the fact that Saba is mentioned textually in the Bible and other sources .Archaeological proof that the Queen actually ruled over this kingdom is lacking – but then , so are any archaeological remains in a desert of continually shifting sands and centuries of very destructive patriarchal religious zealotry.

What is known is that the Sabaean civilization controlled the lucrative spice trade and dealt in other luxury commodities, thus linking the entire region in trade. Known as “Arabia Felix” by the Romans, or “Happy Arabia” by virtue of the areas’ unique access to plenty of water and arable lands as compared to the rest of Arabia; and that powerful Queens ruled until relatively modern times.

Serpent worship was definitely practiced here, and it is a fact that South Arabian Goddesses were venerated over the entire region, including Axum, prior to Islam and Christianity. Mention of the pre-patriarchal Triple Goddess, the Goddess of the Morning Star, Al-Uzza; the Goddess Mother, Al-lat; and the Dark Mother, Ma’nat is made in the Quaran, paradoxically providing evidence of the commanding presence of the Goddess in ancient times :

“Surah 53 : The Star"

“19. Have ye seen Lat. and 'Uzza,
20. And another, the third (goddess), Manat?
21. What! for you the male sex, and for Him, the female?
22. Behold, such would be indeed a division most unfair!
23. These are nothing but names which ye have devised,- ye and your fathers,- for which Allah has sent down no authority (whatever). They follow nothing but conjecture and what their own souls desire!- Even though there has already come to them Guidance from their Lord!
24. Nay, shall man have (just) anything he hankers after?
25. But it is to Allah that the End and the Beginning (of all things) belong.
26. How many-so-ever be the angels in the heavens, their intercession will avail nothing except after Allah has given leave for whom He pleases and that he is acceptable to Him.
27. Those who believe not in the Hereafter, name the angels with female names.
28. But they have no knowledge therein. They follow nothing but conjecture; and conjecture avails nothing against Truth.”

Truth is evidently in the eye of the beholder, it seems.

The first-century (C.E)* historian, Flavius Josephus, maintained that Sheba was Queen of Egypt and Ethiopia. Jesus refers to her as “Queen of the South”, the South here referring to the continent of Africa. Jesus prophesied that towards the End of Days, the Queen of the South would make accusation against those who lied and twisted the word of God.

According to the Kebra Negast, Jesus said:

"The Queen of the South shall rise up on the Day of Judgment and shall dispute with, and condemn, and overcome this generation who would not hearken unto the preaching of My word, for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of SOLOMON."

And the Queen of the South of whom He spake was the Queen of ETHIOPIA. And in the words "ends of the earth" [He maketh allusion] to the delicacy of the constitution of women, and the long distance of the journey, and the burning heat of the sun, and the hunger on the way, and the thirst for water. And this Queen of the South was very beautiful in face, and her stature was superb, and her understanding and intelligence, which God had given her, were of such high character that she went to JERUSALEM to hear the wisdom of SOLOMON; now this was done by the command of God and it was His good pleasure. And moreover, she was exceedingly rich, for God had given her glory, and riches, and gold, and silver, and splendid apparel, and camels, and slaves, and trading men (or, merchants). And they carried on her business and trafficked for her by sea and by land, and in INDIA, and in ’ASWÂN (SYENE).”

The Kebra Nagast, by E.A. Wallis Budge, [1932], at sacred-texts.com

* (As a modern Pagan Hirstorian, I use the abbreviation, CE. or Common Era, and BCE. as Before Common Era; as an alternative to AD. or BC., which allows a far more inclusive dating denominator, incorporating all religions and belief systems in world history.)

However, it is the name itself, Sheba, which is derived from the word for “star” in Ancient Egyptian, which I feel is the most significant clue as to the true origins of the mysterious Queen. The Star Goddess presided over the Old religion, based on the universal veneration of Nature and the Stars, Sun and planets for many thousands of years before the advent of newer religions ; and the Queen of state was traditionally the High Priestess of the Pagan Stellar religion.

Evidence points to the Star religion as being universal in Ancient days. The origins are debatable, but the fact remains that the common elements of this belief system are to be found in Ancient Egypt and the rest of Africa, in Mayan and Incan ruins, ancient Babylonia and in the Orient, notably in the Vedic civilization and even in the jungles of present-day Cambodia .

This real evidence of Africa’s ancient stellar-based religious systems is to be found in the ancient ruins found all over the continent which parallel Stonehenge, and which served as astronomical observatories. Examples of which, include the complex at Nabta playa in Egypt and the Bouar megaliths in present-day C.A.R (Central African republic), Great Zimbabwe, and the thousands of stone circles, ley lines, pyramids and terraces that cover the entire Southern African region, which now according to the latest in dating methods and technology are far older in their origins than ever expected.
Some of these sites are estimated to be at least as old as 100 000 years, and this may be extended to 220 000 or more years old in some cases.

The ancient Axumite coinage system reveals by default, much about the political structure, religion and culture of the empire of old. The earliest Axumite coins bore the crescent, and sun disc, or crescent moon and star- designs characteristic of the Pagan religions where Moon and Sun worship were practiced as the official religion originally. When Christianity took over, these designs were replaced by crosses.

The Kandake, was the title of Ancient Priestesses and priests of the religion, centered in the Giza Pyramid complex and having satellites in Europe, throughout Africa and the Middle east.

Linguistically similar in origin, the title of Candaces refers to the warrior Queens of Nubia whose rule extends into antiquity . Nubia historically enjoyed a mutually beneficial relationship with Egypt on many levels. The independent, matriarchal and proud Nubian warrior Queens resisted invasion by no less than Alexander the Great, and even the Roman empire in the day; also naturally having a well-ordered society and practicing Paganism in the form of Mother Goddess worship.

These Queens, to all purposes virtual incarnations of the Lilith archetype, perhaps best epitomize the proud , independent , strong and fearless spirit of the Black Goddess; and serve as inspiration for many women and enlightened men living in challenging situations to this day.
The Living Spirit of The Dark Mother is clearly revealed in these proud Queens; avatars of Lilith - as Lilith said once, “ I am a fierce Spirit of myriad Names and many forms”.

In archetypical terms, Azazel , and other ancient Semitic goat –footed Deities correspond directly with the Lord of Nature, Pan , and many other Horned fertility deities.

Azazel was venerated by the Pagan Israelites long before the cult of Jahweh arose, and there is evidence of Azazel being worshipped right alongside Jahweh in later days and is famous to this day for the part he plays in Yom Kippur rituals. Later, of course, Azazel became synonymous with the Christian Devil as the other Horned God incarnations ultimately have become. This is purely as a result of the symbolism of the Goat – the most fertile horned animal ever created!

Lilith is seen traditionally as being noticeably hairy in some incarnations.
Lilith is seen as of a dark complexion by some and indeed, by the medieval monks Lilith had piercing blue eyes and manifested as a Black woman; and thereby being Satan in Feminine form.
Black as a color, only became “evil” after the patriarchy decided that the Goddess colors , of Fertility, or the Earth ( Black) and Red ( Life force) were now to become the colors of their mythical fantasy “devil”.
In fact, the Clay, or Earth from which all humans were made, refers to the Creation of humankind by the First Gods.

As we all know, the Goddess and God of the old, have now “become” the Devil of the new – the Christian Devil now resides in the place of the Horned God of Nature in some people’s minds, and Lilith is recognized by these belief systems as the bride of Satan, the Star Goddess of the Dark Moon , now turned by male-dominated religious authorities into the Bride of “the Devil”.

In real terms, Lilith is the Divine Feminine; the Great Goddess of Fertility and the Night; as Lucifer is the Light which arose from the Darkness – The Horned God of Nature and none other than together, the Perfect Androgeny and Great Serpent of creation.

Lilith just as Lucifer, the Morning Star, also known as Jesus in later mythology, is the Great Serpent; and so was the fabled Queen of Sheba, his Mother; whose real identity is revealed as one of Lilith’s Avatars, a Royal Queen and Mother of Nations; and pre-eminent Priestess of the Old religion of Nature worship.

On the basis of all the evidence that I have collected on this topic, it has become clear to me that the actual truth of the matter is that humankind has been tricked by religious leaders in high-up places, the truth has been hidden, and what is presented to the masses as our collective ancient history is a lie perpetrated by the principalities within the churches.

Christians, Muslims and Jewish people are only different from enlightened Pagans in that to a greater or lesser extent they believe in the lies that the hierarchy of the churches have brainwashed everyone with, diabolizing Pagan Deities and lumping Paganism together with devil-worship and their concept of an absolute “evil”, which has caused much unnecessary bloodshed and a state of warfare between the different faiths ever since it was introduced by the architects of dualism. And the meddling in ancient spirituality by the patriarchs did not begin with medieval Judaisnm, or even Zoroastrianism - Even the tablets from Sumer were biased towards a male-dominated point of view.

The same general, common ancestry and ancient belief system is at the roots of all religion and spirituality. The First Goddesses and Gods are our true Ancestors, and the real hirstory of humankind is very much older than most would care to believe.

The Queen speaks of Wisdom to those who will hear.

And the Queen said unto them,

"Hearken, O ye who are my people, and give ye ear to my words. For I desire wisdom and my heart seeketh to find understanding. I am smitten with the love of wisdom, and I am constrained by the cords of understanding; for wisdom is far better than treasure of gold and silver, and wisdom is the best of everything that hath been created on the earth.

Now unto what under the heavens shall wisdom be compared? It is sweeter than honey, and it maketh one to rejoice more than wine, and it illumineth more than the sun, and it is to be loved more than precious stones. And it fatteneth more than oil, and it satisfieth more than dainty meats, and it giveth more renown than thousands of gold and silver. It is a source of joy for the heart, and a bright and shining light for the eyes, and a giver of speed to the feet, and a shield for the breast, and a helmet for the head, and chain-work for the neck, and a belt for the loins. It maketh the ears to hear and hearts to understand, it is a teacher of those who are learned, and it is a consoler of those who are discreet and prudent, and it giveth fame to those who seek after it.
And as for a kingdom, it cannot stand without wisdom, and riches cannot be preserved without wisdom; the foot cannot keep the place wherein it hath set itself without wisdom. And without wisdom that which the tongue speaketh is not acceptable.

Wisdom is the best of all treasures. He who heapeth up gold and silver doeth so to no profit without wisdom, but he who heapeth up wisdom—no man can filch it from his heart. That which fools heap up the wise consume. And because of the wickedness of those who do evil the righteous are praised; and because of the wicked acts of fools the wise are beloved. Wisdom is an exalted thing and a rich thing: I will love her like a mother, and she shall embrace me like her child. I will follow the footprints of wisdom and she shall protect me for ever; I will seek after wisdom, and she shall be with me for ever; I will follow her footprints, and she shall not cast me away; I will lean upon her, and she shall be unto me a wall of adamant; I will seek asylum with her, and she shall be unto me power and strength; I will rejoice in her, and she shall be unto me abundant grace. For it is right for us to follow the footprints of wisdom, and for the soles of our feet to stand upon the threshold of the gates of wisdom.

Let us seek her, and we shall find her; let us love her, and she will not withdraw herself from us; let us pursue her, and we shall overtake her; let us ask, and we shall receive; and let us turn our hearts to her so that we may never forget her. If [we] remember her, she will have us in remembrance; and in connection with fools thou shalt not remember wisdom, for they do not hold her in honour, and she doth not love them. The honouring of wisdom is the honouring of the wise man, and the loving of wisdom is the loving of the wise man. Love the wise man and withdraw not thyself from him, and by the sight of him thou shalt become wise; hearken to the utterance of his mouth, so that thou mayest become like unto him; watch the place whereon he hath set his foot, and leave him not, so that thou mayest receive the remainder of his wisdom. And I love him merely on hearing concerning him and without seeing him, and the whole story of him that hath been told me is to me as the desire of my heart, and like water to the thirsty man."

So sayeth The Queen.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

‘Looking at the witch reveals more about the gazer than the witch. Instead, let’s try looking through that primal witch’s eyes. In witchcraft worldview, Earth is a place of mystery and wonder, full of powers of which one can avail oneself, if only one knows how.
The witch is the one who knows. A good majority of the words used around the world, in various languages, not just Anglo-Saxon, to identify the concept of the “witch” involve acquisition of wisdom. A Russian euphemism for witches and sorcerers translates as “people with knowledge”…

…Whether you perceive the witch as powerful or evil may depend on whether you perceive knowledge as desirable or dangerous; whether you perceive that human knowledge is something that should be limited.
The witch doesn’t think so. She or he, as the case may be, wants to know.

This may be at the heart of the matter”

– Illes, Judika (2005)” The Element Encyclopedia of Witchcraft – the complete a-z for the entire magical world”. Hammersmith, London : Harper Element; Harper Element Publishers ISBN-13 978-0-00-719293-9 / ISBN-10 0-00-719293-2

Thank you for reading, and I encourage anyone who may find something of interest within the article to study on further. This is such a huge topic to cover, that for now I restricted myself to just touching all bases .